chapter25studyguide

**The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis, War and Revolution** Key Terms and Essays AP European History—Jackson Spielvogel text Explain the historical significance of each of the following. (In other words, describe what it is or who it is and explain **why** it matters.)
 * Chapter 25:**
 * //__Key Terms__//**

//First: Be sure to read the last section of the previous chapter (24) and know the Key Terms.// Last part of chapter 24--pages 761-765 Questions to study: 1)Why did Bismarck create the Three Emperor's League? Why did it fail? 2) Where are the Balkans? Why did Austria want the Balkans? Why did Russia? 3) New Alliances after 1882: Who was in the Triple Alliance?  What was the Reinsurance Treaty? How did William II mess things up?  Who was in the Triple Entente? 4)What controversial thing did Austria do in 1908? Who was upset about this? 5) Why did Austria and Serbia dislike each other?

//The Road to War// First part of chapter 25--768-773 1. In general terms, how did nationalism and militarism pave the way for WWI? 2. What type of people were behind the assassination of Franz Ferdinand? Why? 3. Why did Russia get involved in the war? militarism the Black Hand the “blank check” the Schlieffen Plan

//The War// the First Battle of the Marne trench warfare the Battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes Verdun and the Somme new military technology the Central Powers the Allies unrestricted submarine warfare total war (there are three pages on this, be thorough.) Georges Clemenceau (also in the last section “The Peace Settlement”) Defence of the Realm Act Lloyd George (also in the last section “The Peace Settlement”)

//Entry of the US//

//Home Front// Total War, expansion of governmental powers during war; nationalization, planned economy (which country was most successful with this?). German starvation. Why? Auxiliary Service Law Georges Clemenceau and France's Total War gov. What did he do? Examples of internal opposition to war. Bargain/agreement between labor unions and governments during the war (no strikes and frozen wages for the right to bargain collectively, etc)

//War and Revolution// Tsar Nicholas II Rasputin the March Revolution soviets Bolsheviks Mensheviks V.I. Lenin “April Theses”“Peace, land, bread” Alexander Kerensky Leon Trotsky Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russian Civil War war communism the Cheka German Communist Party

//The Peace Settlement// Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” Paris Peace Conference self-determination the League of Nations The Treaty of Versailles war-guilt clause reparations mandates

Be prepared to write a response for each of the following in class on the day of the chapter quiz: 1) Discuss the causes of World War I: What were the major long-term causes of the war? How important were the decisions made in the summer of 1914 in causing the war? (Causation) 2) Compare the effect that the war had on the home front in Germany with the effect that it had on the home front in Great Britain. Explain government policies for mobilizing the war effort and maintaining public support. (comparison) 3) What caused the Russian Revolution? How did the Bolsheviks secure their power? (Causation) 4) Compare the Treaty of Versailles with the Congress of Vienna in terms of goals and effectiveness. (Comparison)
 * //__Long Essay Questions: I will choose one.__//**