chapter21studyguide

**Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism (1815-1850)** Key Terms and Essays
 * Chapter 21:**

Western Civilization—Jackson Spielvogel text Identify and explain the historical significance of each of the following. (In other words, describe what it is or who it is and explain **why** it matters.)
 * //__Key Terms__//**

//The Conservative Order (1815-1830)// The Congress of Vienna: Goals and outcomes? Know the basic details of the outcomes. Klemens von Metternich (what were is goals and ideals?) the principle of legitimacy balance of power (Why wasn't France dismembered? How was it surrounded?) conservatism--what are its core values. Edmund Burke? What did he think of change and the French Rev? Concert of Europe the Quadruple Alliance the principle of intervention: How was this used in Spain and Italy? What did Britain think? Latin American revolutions Greek Revolt: Who supported it? Why? Outcome? Tories and Whigs (what did each party stand for?) Corn Laws, St. Petersloo Massacre. Louis XVIII: Ultraroyalists vs. liberals. What did each want? Charles X: How did he outrage liberals? Ministerial responsibility? What was it and who wanted it? Ferdinand VII the Austrian Empire--Metternich's spies Why were liberalism and nationalism weak in central Europe? What was the German Confederation? How did it function? How did Metternich use it? Frederick William III: What were his goals, how did he change? Burchenshaften? What were they? What were their goals? Karlsbad Decrees? How was the Austrian Empire held together? Nicholas I and the Decembrist Revolt: Describe it. How did it happen?

//The Ideologies of Change// liberalism: definte its values Economic liberalism: Thomas Malthus David Ricardo political liberalism: What did its proponents believe? John Stuart Mill nationalism: values? How was nationalism both a uniter and divider. Think Germany vs. Hungary. Utopian socialism: Fourier, Owen, Blanc, Zoe Gatti de Gamond, Tristan and Saint-Simone

//Revolution and Reform// the July Revolution: what caused it? Charles X to Louis-Philippe. How did Louis-Philippe satisfy the middle class but upset radicals? Party of Movement vs. Party of Resistance. Know the values of each. What happened in Belgium, Italy and Poland. Which was successful?

Great Britain: Think about the gradual change that led steam out of the boiler/boiling pot. the Reform Act of 1832 Poor Law of 1834 Why wasn't there a rev in Britain in 1848? Continent: the Revolutions of 1848: How did middle class liberals and working class/socialists work together? Who benefited in the end? French Rev of 1848: What were the causes? What did the Provisional Gov. do? Why did the working class lose? Who emerged as president? France’s Second Republic

the Frankfurt Assembly: What were its goals? How did Fred Will of Prussia back down? Why did German unification fail? Austrian rev in 1848: Who rose up against the emperor Ferdinand I? What did the Hungarians under Kossuth want? What happened to Metternich? How did Ferdinand I initially respond? What happened in June 1848? What did Francis Joseph do with the help of Nicholas I of Russia Young Italy and Mazzini what was the risorgimento and who stopped it?

Why did the revolutions of 1848 fail?

//The Emergence of an Ordered Society// police/police systems prison reform--explain the changes. Serjents in Paris, Bobbies in Britain. Schutzmannschaft in Germany Prison Reform

Culture in the Age of Reaction and Revolution: The Mood of Romanticism Romanticism: describe its basic values and chacteristics Goethe Mary Shelley William Wordsworth Romantic Art--Caspar David Friedrich, Delacroix Romantic Music: (describe its basic characteristics. Beethoven Berlioz

You will be writing a (short essay question) SAQ response on a question related material covered in this chapter. It could be based on lecture notes, reading materials, and/or questions from our seminar discussion on the revolutions of 1848. Anything is game.
 * //__Essays:__//**

Remember: The Short Essay Questions are based on a 3-point rubric. You get 1 point for each part of the question that you answer. Each essay is worth 12 points as I multiply each part by 4.